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Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Principles Of Multiplying Ministry (Each One-Teach One)

By the grace of God, I will sharing with you a Biblical principle to how you can effectively disciple your members and put ministry burden on them. These principles I will be sharing is very detailed and cannot put everything into writing, but I look forward that one day, you would have me in your ministry, conferences and seminars and I can teach this in detail. This principle is applicable in all grounds of life: business, ministry or in an organization.

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Taking our teaching from Exodus 18:13-22 "And it came to pass on the next day, that Moses sat to Judge the people; and the people stood before Moses from morning to evening. So when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did for the people, he said, "What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit, and all the people stand before you from morning until evening?" And Moses said to his father-in-law, "Because the people come to me to inquire of God. "When they have difficulty, they come to me, and I judge between one and another; and I make known the statutes of God and his laws." So Moses father-in-law said to him, "The thing you do is not good. "Both you and these people who are with you will surely wear yourselves out. For this thing is too much for you; you are not able to perform it by yourself. "Listen now to my voice; I will give you counsel and God will be with be with you: stand before God for the people, so that you may bring the difficulties to God. "And you shall teach them the statutes and the laws, and show them the way to in which they must walk and the work they must do. "Moreover you shall select from all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. "And let them judge the people at all times. Then it will be that every great matter they shall bring to you, but every small matter they themselves shall judge. So it will be easier for you, for they will bear the burden with you."

Amen! What a wonderful divine counsel Jethro, Moses' father-in-law gave to him. So I will be relating my teaching to these. Ministry cannot be fulfill isulation, we all need the help of others to fulfill the ministry. This was the case of Moses, he was the only one that was called, and he knew God, his law and statutes and he attend to his people all alone.

Principles Of Multiplying Ministry (Each One-Teach One)

I have been to a ministry before where everything is done by the Senior Minister, the wife leads the Praise and Worship session, and the Senior Pastor does the preaching, reading of the announcement. He did that every Sundays of about three services. Then the father-in-law looked at the minister (Moses now), he said "What you are doing to yourself is not good". He said "Both you and you people will easy wear out for this work is too much for you".

And he gave Moses five principle that we will be considering towards effective building of a new team to help in the work God has called us to do. This principle is called "Principles of multiplying ministry" utilized by Jesus and the Apostle Paul in the New Testament. When we are trying to do the work God has called us to accomplish by ourselves without the counsel or help of others defines the essence of this teaching. The solution to this is building a team. Invest your time and resources in the team. Let the team help you with the work God has called you to do. You will succeed in team-building if you follow the principles given to Moses by God and his father-in-law, Jethro. Without these, Moses would have failed. Without them, you will fail as a church leader.

We will now examine the five principles given to Moses.

TRAIN OTHERS TO HELP

"I am not able to bear this entire people alone, because it is too heavy for me. And if you deal with me, kill me, I pray you..." Number 11:14, 15.

Moses was taking to God to kill him because of the problems resulting from the burden of ministry on him. To help him with this problem, God was talking to Moses in Numbers 11. In Exodus 18, Jethro (Moses father-in-law) was also talking to Moses and saying the same thing. When Moses listened to God and Jethro, here is what he found out. The solution to this problem began with training others. "And the Lord said to Moses, gather to me seventy men... whom you know to be elders of the people, and officers over them..." Number 11:16.

"In addition, Moreover you shall select from all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. "And let them judge the people at all times. Then it will be that every great matter they shall bring to you, but every small matter they themselves shall judge. So it will be easier for you, for they will bear the burden with you."

The scripture verses which follow teach us that the leadership gifts were to do the work of the ministry. This was the purpose of Moses' ministry. He just didn't know it. The leader's job is to train and equip the members of the church who have leadership potentials. These members would then do the work of the ministry.

"When Jesus ascended up to heaven... He gave some, apostles; some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for training and equipping the saints, so members of the church would do the work if the ministry, and then build up the body of Christ" Ephesians 4:10 12.

1. Each One- Teach One

Paul teaches in the above verses the primary purpose of church leaders is to train others. Paul explained this to young Timothy. His job as a church leader was to train others. He was to take the training he received from Paul and pass it on to other faithful men. These in turn were also to teach still other faithful men.

"And the things that you have heard of me among many witness, the same commit to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also" 2Timothy 2:2; following Paul's principle of training others would set off a chain reaction of multiplication that would cause the gospel to be spread quickly over the world. The following explains what would happen if you would take ONE other faithful man and spend ONE year training him. The second year, you and the one you trained would each train one other. If you kept this process up for thirty-three years, look what would happen.

This illustrates the Bible principle of EACH ONE-TEACH ONE.

TEACH THEM THE BIBLE

"And you shall teach them the statutes and the laws, and show them the way to in which they must walk and the work they must do"

In most Church seminaries today are ware that most teach every subject but the Bible. The Theulogical Seminaries too frequently become "Cemeteries"- where hundreds of potentials church leaders' spiritual life is buried.

A basic choice was presented to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden "... the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge..." Genesis 2:9. Eating the fruit of the tree of Knowledge would produce sin and death. Despite this biblical warning, the Church returns continually to this tree for the training programmes. What is the result? The Apostle Paul put to simply: "Knowledge puff up, but love edifies according to 1Corithians 8:1"

Training programmes that do not use THE BIBLE as the primary reference work produce arrogant, spiritual dead, impotent leaders whose only achievement after graduation is to pastor a church that gets smaller every year. That which has no life cannot and will not grow. The tree of knowledge only produces death.

Jesus answered in Matthew 22:29 and said to them, you are in error because you do not know the scriptures. The scripture keeps us from error and produce life- for flesh profit nothing; the words that I speak to you are spirit and they are life. It is the words of God the father and God the Son (Jesus) recorded in the Bible that brings life to us.

Academic Achievement is not the Goal

Training programmes based in intellectual achievement with emphasis on academic degrees will not produce the leadership needed to win lost souls to Christ or build growing churches. The greater emphasis on academic, the less capable the leadership. Teach the Bible, train church leaders in the Bible. Let the Bible be the center of your training curriculum.

2. SHOW THEM THE WORK TO DO

"... and show them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do"

The Luke the Apostle began the Book of Acts with these words: "The former treatises have I made... of all that Jesus began both to do and teach" Acts1:1.

Get them Involved

It is not enough to teach the trainee. The trainer must immediately involve the student in DOING and TEACHING. If you teach the student "Soul-wining"- then immediately send them out to win souls. If you teach them how to heal the sick and cast out demons, immediately send them out to do this. That is what Jesus did.

"And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease and he sent the twelve out..." Matthew 10:1-8.

Short-Term Training is the Best

Note that the training was short-term with both the twelve apostles and the seventy disciples that Jesus commissioned. He demonstrated what they should do, and then sent them out to do the same things he did. The longer the training programme, the less effective the graduates; training should be kept to six months maximum- then the trainee should be sent out full time to do the work. If necessary, they can be brought back for further training a year or two later.

Keep it Practical

The short term training should be 50 percent TEACHING and 50 percent DOING. What is taught should be immediately put into practice (doing). Don't train the head, train the hands. Keep the emphasis on Practices (Practical training). The training should be Bible-centered, short-term and practical. Academics are not emphasized. Dedication and commitment to Christ, purity of character and an emphasis on practical training (immediately doing what is taught) - these should be the kind of training that is encouraged.

It is biblically based training that yields the desired results.

3. TRANSFER THE ANOINTING

"And the Lord said to Moses, gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel... and bring them to the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand thee with you, and... and I will take of the spirit which is upon you, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you that you bear alone" Numbers 11:16, 17.

The Anointing is Essential

This is probably the most important (but most neglected) principle in leadership development. Without the power of the Holy Spirit (the anointing) coming upon a leader, he has no chance of succeeding. Jesus never sent anyone to represent him that he did not first empower. The anointing was essential for Jesus to fulfill his ministry and likewise is essential for you.

Anointed Leaders should train others

Let us not miss the vital principle involved, the key leader was anointed and passed his anointing on to those he trained. In contrast to this, it is noted often that the training in Seminaries are staffed by those who failed in the ministry. Those who went out to pastor a church or to evangelize and failed in the process are often brought to the Seminary to train those with leadership potentials. Such approach is doomed to produce others who fail. The law of Harvest is clear. "And the earth brought forth grass and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruits after his kind..."

We reproduce what we are. If failed leaders train, their students will be a failure. Successful leaders, who carry a strong anointing of the Holy Spirit on their lives, should be involved in the training of leadership. They will reproduce others who will carry a strong anointing and be successful.

Anointing is to shared

The anointing transferred from Moses to the leaders who were to share in his ministry. The anointing transferred from Elijah to Elisha who was to share his ministry. The anointing Jesus to his disciples who were to share in his ministry; the same stand still holds, the trainee shares in the anointing of the trainer. Hence, those who do the training should be those who carry the strong power of God in their lives. The laws of Harvest will work. They will bring forth after their kind.

Who transfer the anointing?

God said, "And... I will take of the spirit which is upon you, and will put it upon them..." It is under the guidance and sovereignty of God that this takes place. God is the one who chooses the recipients and directs the key leadership in this blessed transfer.

4. TRANSFER THE BURDEN

And the Lord said to Moses, gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel... and bring them to the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand thee with you, and... and I will take of the spirit which is upon you, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you that you bear alone" Numbers 11:16, 17.

If you see a man reaching for responsibility, promote him! That man will be a blessing to the Lord's work. If you see a man reaching for authority, be on guard! That man will damage the work of the Lord..

Leadership is not Lordship.

Praise the Lord! I believe this piece of summarized e-training material would enhance your ministry. Let me hear from you and will welcome invitation to conference and seminar on this and several other ministerial key subject. God bless you abundantly.

Principles Of Multiplying Ministry (Each One-Teach One)

Bamidele, Moyo-Angel is the President & Ministerial Head of the Spokenword Ministries, Inc

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Sunday, September 2, 2012

Public Speaking Training - 3 Easy Steps to Writing a Terrific Speech Quickly

Why agonize over speech writing when you can use these tips to develop any kind of speech, seminar, talk, or presentation as easily as falling off of a log? Most people make speech writing out to be much harder than it is: just follow along with these 3 easy steps to writing a terrific speech quickly and you'll be able to create your presentation in no time flat.

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Don't try to write out your speech or talk from start to finish because that's the least productive and most painful way to create your speech.

Most people take that approach but it's very difficult to create a good speech that way because it's too linear.

Public Speaking Training - 3 Easy Steps to Writing a Terrific Speech Quickly

Instead, sit down with a pad of paper and a pen or sit in front of your word processor with a blank page, and write down the following sentences (leave space underneath each of these sentences because you'll write out

Step #1. Answer the following questions:

What's my purpose for making this speech? - What's my goal and desired outcome?

Always start out with your purpose: what exactly is your goal and your purpose for making this speech? Is it to educate? Is it to sell? Is it to persuade? Is it to inform? Is it to entertain?

You may have more than one desired outcome, that's okay, just write down what your goals are.

If you can, run them by a 10 year old child and if they don't understand, start over and rewrite your goals so that even a child can understand them.

Step #2. What's the #1 most important point I want to make?

Yes, you have to pick just one main point you want to make. Pick the #1 most important thing that you want people to leave with. This may be hard for you to decide, or it may be obvious and easy to choose.

But choose you must!

Once you've come up with the #1 most important point you want to make, create a single sentence that sums up that point.

And, does a 10 year old child understand?

Step #3: Besides your #1 most important point, what are the top 3 points you want everyone to remember and "take home" after your speech?

What specifically are the top 3 main points (besides your #1 most important point) that you want people to remember?

Now that you've got all of that clear and in writing - yes you must write this down, don't just think about it! - You've got a huge head start on creating a terrific speech.

The next thing to do is to come up with a summary of your main points. Write a summary of your main points that is concise and clear.

After writing it, speak it out loud and make changes so that it flows smoothly - always keep in mind that written words come out differently when spoken, so adjust your summary so that it flows when you speak it.

Make sure your summary covers all the main points you want to cover. Think of your speech like a sandwich: the outer layers of bread are your summary - you're going to give that summary as an overview at the beginning of your talk, and also restate that summary at the end of your speech.

Now, underneath each of your main points, what are the sub-points that comprise that main point? Create bullets - i.e., brief sentences that are important about that point. Now you've got a complete outline and structure for your speech!

Give your speech a test run and see how it flows. Smooth out the rough edges and you're done!

Summary & Recap:

At the beginning of your talk give the summary of your 3 main points. Then say "if there's one thing I want you to remember, it's..." and then give them the #1 most important point.

Then go into the detail of your talking points using the bulleted sub-points for each main point. At the end of your speech, give the summary of your 3 main "if there's one thing I want you to remember, it's..." and then give them the #1 most important point again. Don't for one second think that you're being too repetitious because you're actually helping them to absorb and retain the main points of your speech.

Public Speaking Training - 3 Easy Steps to Writing a Terrific Speech Quickly

My name is David Portney and I'm the author of the book "129 Seminar Speaking Success Tips" and the founder of the Academy of Public Speaking located in Redondo Beach, California where I personally conduct specialized workshops and public speaking trainings. Check out my website with tons of free public speaking training articles: http://www.bestpublicspeakingtraining.com/

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Tuesday, August 28, 2012

Public Speaking - Roast Humor and Insults

Being roasted is an honor, but you must be careful to honor people while you are roasting them during a public speaking engagement. Joke about things that are obviously untrue, then exaggerate them to make them more obvious. Or, you can outrageously exaggerate things that are true.

When choosing the butt of a roast joke or story, pick big targets. Never make fun of a small target (janitor, secretary, etc.). Make fun of the boss. He or she is still the boss after all the teasing and will look like a great sport for going along with it.

Members of 'in' groups can joke about their peers and insult each other all they want. Bob Hope made fun of Ronald Reagan. Everyone knew they were buddies.

Public Speaking - Roast Humor and Insults

If you widely spread an insult or collection of insults, the group can laugh together. No one is individually embarrassed. The same remarks aimed at an individual removed from the cohesive influence of the group might cause someone to get upset.

Always clear your comments IN ADVANCE! Unless you are participating in a full-blown roast program, always make fun of yourself first. If you kid yourself first, the audience will be more receptive when you kid them. Here are some roast examples:

To an AT&T executive:

If a Martian called Ed's office to contact earth, he'd try to sell them on the benefits of our new 800 service.

Keep remarks focused on unimportant things that can't be damaging!

Folks we are here tonight to Roast Joe. I'm particularly happy to be here because I can now say in public all the things I've been saying behind his back. He/she is a man/woman of the world . . . and you know what bad shape the world is in.

Insult about areas of recognized strength and superiority!

To a great family man and/or community leader:

Joe's (neighbors/business associates/preacher, etc.,) all say what a wonderful couple he and his wife make . . . if it wasn't for Joe.

To a well-known philanthropist:

He is a man of rare gifts . . . he hasn't given any in years.

At a program with a long head table with lots of speakers, an emcee might say:

The emcee's job is not to be wise or witty. In fact, it is his job to appear dull so that the speakers on the program will shine in comparison. Tonight it looks like I'm going to have to rise to new heights of boredom.

To the audience the emcee or speaker might say:

I'm glad to be here tonight to look into your faces. . . . And God knows there are some faces here that need looking into.

Public Speaking - Roast Humor and Insults

How do you become a great speaker and get paid for it?

Learn the public speaking techniques that will create the career of your dreams and change other people's lives forever. It's easier than you think!

Tom Antion provides entertaining speeches and educational seminars. He is the ultimate entrepreneur, having owned many businesses BEFORE graduating college. Tom is the author of the best selling presentation skills book "Wake 'em Up Business Presentations" and "Click: The Ultimate Guide to Electronic Marketing." It is important to Tom that his knowledge be not only absorbed, but enjoyed. This is why he delivers his speeches laced with great humor and hysterical jokes. Tom has addressed more than 87 different industries and is thoroughly committed to his clients' needs. http://www.antion.com

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Sunday, August 26, 2012

What is Content Writing & Why Has it Become So Popular?

What Is Content Writing?

Content writing is a serviced offered mainly to website owners and businesses, and many countries in the world have seen the benefits of this service, using it positively for their company. Content writing itself can come in many forms and companies that offer it can write about one specific category or a broad range, usually the ones that target a certain niche such as sport will be more focused and knowledgeable on that area than those that try to write about every possible category, so you will be getting your money's worth.

Why Is Content Writing So Popular?

What is Content Writing & Why Has it Become So Popular?

Its main use is to save webmasters a lot of time by writing out content for the websites, so instead they will produce a brief and outsource the job to a professional content writer who will research the given subject and complete the assignment for you. Content writing itself is quite cheap but with so many people offering this a service you do need to make sure the company or person is legitimate and that there prices are reasonable. As a guide, £7 - £10 for 250 words of content for web copy, articles and blog posts/news pieces is an excellent price and if you are going to a company that specialise is one certain area of expertise then you may pay a little more, but then you will know the quality and experience on that subject will be higher than elsewhere.

What Types Of Content Writing Is There?

Content writing isn't just for website copy though, a lot of business and individuals will ask for articles, blog posts, press releases and many more forms of the service.

For example if you wanted daily news pieces on topical subjects consisting of 150 words a day, these will be classed as blog posts and at many content companies they will gladly do this every day of the working week for you and in some instances offer an attractive price if you are passing work their way for a long period of time. Press releases and articles are quite similar, the first holding more editorial quality than the latter but still, you can expect 350 - 600 words for a good article.

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Wednesday, August 22, 2012

How To Increase Writing Productivity Through Dragon Naturally Speaking

Writing blogs, website content, articles and other written content can be tiring and stressful, especially if you are not a rapid typist. Thankfully, you can use voice recognition software like Dragon Naturally Speaking to speed up productivity simply by speaking instead of typing. With the use of this software, you can write articles, blog posts, website content, social network updates and more 2-5 times faster than typing. With proper training and use, you can make use of the software with up to 99% accuracy.

All About Dragon

Dragon was designed to provide an easier way for people to create textual content by using voice. The software recognizes speech patterns and transcribes them into written format. This is very useful for people who cannot type as fast as rapid writers do. It also proves useful to people who cannot type using the keyboard due to certain physical inhibitions.

How To Increase Writing Productivity Through Dragon Naturally Speaking

Keep in mind that even the fingers of the fastest of typists do get tired after hours of work. For slow typists, they may not get tired easily, but they cannot produce as much written content as rapid typists do. This is where the software becomes very useful. With the use of Dragon Naturally Speaking, you can increase the number of articles, blog posts, or web content you can create in a shorter period of time. Even if your fingers are sore or your arms are aching, you can still be productive with writing by using your voice to create text on your computer.

The Benefits of Using Speech Recognition Software

Speech recognition software allows you to create text content as fast as you can speak. Dragon is amazingly fast in transcribing speech into text and does not commit any spelling errors. It has the capacity to produce text with up to 99% accuracy as long as you train the software properly. It can also speed up your writing capacity by allowing you to create text 2-5 times the speed of typing. Of course, the rate depends on how many words you can type in a given period of time.

Important Things To Consider

It is important to train the software so that it can recognize certain speech patterns in your voice to allow it to improve performance over time. In some cases, this can take a while so be patient if it is your first time to use the product. Amazingly, the software learns quickly.

It is equally important to train yourself to speak clearly and moderately. With practice, you can speed up your productivity through the use of the software. Nuance Dragon Naturally Speaking can provide 99% accuracy as long as you train it properly, speak properly, and customize it according to your own preference.

How To Increase Writing Productivity Through Dragon Naturally Speaking

Learn more about Nuance Dragon Naturally Speaking by clicking the link. The dictation software is designed for Windows-based applications, but you can use Dragon Dictate for Mac if you are using an Apple computer.

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Wednesday, August 15, 2012

Format For Writing a Newspaper Article

Writing articles for newspaper is such a rewarding experience as you can share information to thousands of people. If your articles are of high quality, you can potentially make a living by sinking your teeth into this endeavor. Before you can make that happen, you will need to learn how to write newspaper articles using the correct format.

1. Headline. This is the part where you tell your readers what your topic is all about. You can use your headlines to draw more attention by making them punchy and very descriptive. Your target readers must have a solid idea about the gist of your content by just looking at your headlines.

Writing And Speaking

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2. Byline. This is the part where you include your name as the author of your article. Just beneath this part, you can indicate the date when the article was published.

Format For Writing a Newspaper Article

3. First paragraph. This is the most important paragraph when writing newspaper articles. Thus, it must be well-written, highly informative, and content-rich. Your readers must find all the important information in this part. You must also be able to answer all the questions that they might have in mind.

4. Succeeding paragraphs. Depending on the data that you have gathered, you can use your succeeding paragraphs to present supporting data and quotes from key people involved in your chosen topics.

5. Additional information. This one is optional. If you are writing an article as a follow up on the news that you have reported in the past, you should give your readers background information. This can help in promoting better understanding.

Format For Writing a Newspaper Article

By the way, do you want to learn more about using articles like this to drive traffic to your website and increase online conversions?

If so, I suggest you check this out: article marketing traffic.

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Saturday, August 11, 2012

The Writing Style of Hemingway

For Whom the Bell Tolls portrays the typical Hemingway characters and addresses the issues of machoism and womanizing. In this novel, as in many of his other works, Hemingway employs extensive use of what is known as the Hemingway Code. Numerous influences from various people and events from his personal life also had an effect on his writing.

Many people hold the opinion that there has been no American writer like Ernest Hemingway. A member of the World War I "lost generation," Hemingway was in many ways his own best character. Whether as his childhood nickname of "Champ" or as the older "Papa," Ernest Hemingway became a legend of his own lifetime. Although the drama and romance of his life sometimes seem to overshadow the quality of his work, Hemingway was first and foremost a literary scholar, a writer and reader of books. This is often overlooked among all the talk about his safaris and hunting trips, adventures with bullfighting, fishing and war. Hemingway enjoyed being famous, and delighted in playing for the public spotlight. However, Hemingway considered himself an artist, and he did not want to become celebrated for all the wrong reasons.

Writing And Speaking

Hemingway was born in the quiet town of Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, on July 21, 1899. His father was a physician, and Ernest was the second of six children born to Dr. and Mrs. Clarence E. Hemingway. His mother, a devout, religious woman with considerable music talent, hoped that her son would develop an interest in music. Instead, Ernest acquired his father's enthusiasm for guns and for fishing trips in the north woods of Michigan (Lynn 63).

The Writing Style of Hemingway

From almost the beginning of his writing career, Hemingway employed a distinctive style which drew comment from many critics. Hemingway does not give way to lengthy geographical and psychological description. His style has been said to lack substance because he avoids direct statements and descriptions of emotion. Basically his style is simple, direct and somewhat plain. He developed a forceful prose style characterized by simple sentences and few adverbs or adjectives. He wrote concise, vivid dialogue and exact description of places and things. Critic Harry Levin pointed out the weakness of syntax and diction in Hemingway's writing, but was quick to praise his ability to convey action(Rovit 47).

Hemingway spent the early part of his career as a journalist. In 1937, he went to Spain to cover the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. After a few months in Spain, Hemingway announced his plan to write a book with the Spanish Civil War as its background. The result was For Whom the Bell Tolls.

The majority of his early novels were narrated in the first person and enclosed within a single point of view, however, when Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, he used several different narrative techniques. He employed the use of internal monologues(where the reader is in the "mind" of a particular character), objective descriptions, rapid shifts of point of view, and in general a looser structure than in his earlier works. Hemingway believed that "a writer's style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists(Magill 1287).

For Whom the Bell Tolls is the most serious and politically motivated novel that Hemingway wrote. There are few comic or light episodes in the entire book. For Whom the Bell Tolls is an attempt to present in depth a country and people that Hemingway loved very much. It was an effort to deal honestly with a very complex war made even more complex by the beliefs it inspired(Gurko 127).

Common to almost all of Hemingway's novels is the concept of the Hemingway hero, sometimes known as the "code hero." When Hemingway's novels were first published, the public readily accepted them. Part of this acceptance was due to the fact that Hemingway had created a character whose response to life appealed strongly to those who read his works. The reader saw in the Hemingway hero a person whom they could identify with in almost a dream sense. The Hemmingway hero was a man's man. He moved from one love affair to another, he participated in wild game hunting, enjoyed bullfights, drank insatiably, he was involved in all of the so-called manly activities in which the typical American male did not participate(Rovit 56).

Hemingway's involvement in the war instilled him with deep-seated political views. For Whom the Bell Tolls is a study of the individual involved in what was a politically motivated war. But this novel differs greatly from Hemingway's prior portrayal of the individual hero in the world. In this book, the hero accepts the people around him, not only a few select members of the distinguished, but with the whole community. The organization of this community is stated with great eloquence in the quotation from one of the poet John Donne's sermons upon the death of a close friend. This is the quotation from which the book takes its title:

No man is an Iland, intire of it selfe, every man is a peece of the Continent, a part of the maine, if a Clod bee washed away by the Sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a Promontorie were, as well as if a Mannor of thy friends or of thine owne were; any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankinde; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for I thee.

Therefore, while the hero retains the qualities of the Hemingway Code, he has been built up by his unity with mankind. In the end, he finds the world a "fine place," that is "worth fighting for"(Curly 795). In his personal confrontation with death, Robert Jordan realizes that there is a larger cause that a man can chose to serve. In this way he differs from the earlier Hemingway hero. The insistence that action and its form be solely placed on one individual is still present, along with the need for the character to dominate that action. However, this issue is not longer a single matador against a single bull, or an individual character against his entire environment. The person is the "instrument of mankind" against the horrors of war. The political issues of this book are therefore presented not as a "contrast of black and white, but in the shaded tones of reality"(Magill 491).

While Jordan is the epitome of the hero in his actions, he is also in command of himself and his circumstances to a far greater extent than Hemingway's previous heroes; he is driven to face reality by deep emotional needs. Jordan's drives in the novel seem to be a direct reflection of Hemingway's own, because Hemingway had also been deeply affected by the suicide of his own father (Kunitz 561). Ironically, suicide as an escape from reality is a violation of Hemingway's own code. The self-doubt and fear that such an act brings to the children of a person who commits suicide is a well-known psychological outcome. This is perhaps why the painfulness of their fears causes Hemingway's heroes to avoid "thinking" at all costs. For "thinking" too much may prevent a person from reacting. And without something to react to, the hero is left to face his inner fears (Magill 474). Death is also used by Hemingway at the end of the novel to resolve the dramatic conflicts established by the story. The theme of death is likewise observable in other parts of the book, such as when the characters express their concern about dying during the attack on the bridge. As in other works following the suicide of his father, Hemingway brings his characters face to face with death. He admires those who face death bravely and without expressing emotion. For Hemingway, a man does not truly live life until analyzes the significance of death personally(Brooks 323).

In contrast to the Hemingway heroes are his female characters. Hemingway's approach to women in his works is particularly masculine. They are seen and valued in relation to the men in his stories insofar as they are absolutely feminine. Hemingway does not go into their inner world except as this world is related to the men with whom they are involved. The reader comes to view them as love objects or as anti-love figures (Whitlock 231). Part of the reason Hemingway had this opinion of woman was because the way he viewed his mother. He believed his mother to be a manipulator and blamed her in part for the suicide of his father. "The qualities he thought admirable in a man-ambition, and independent point of view, defiance of his supremacy-became threatening in a woman"(Kert 103).

Hemingway's heroines almost always personify the physical appearance of the ideal woman in their beauty. But in their personality they appear as two types: the "all-woman" who gives herself entirely to the hero and the "femme fatale" who retains herself and prevents the hero from possessing her completely. The "all-woman" is acceptable in Hemingway view because she submits to the hero. She wants no other life than with him. By succumbing to the hero, she allows him to dominate her and affirm his manhood. The "femme fatale" is usually a more complex character than the "all-woman" (Lynn 98). While she may or may not be nasty, she does not submit to the hero and wounds him and all the men around her primarily because they can not manage her and thus can not assert their manhood through her. But despite Hemmingway's portrayal of women, he usually has them fall into the same basic category as the men. The heroine, like the hero, obeys the "Hemmingway Code." She sees life for what it is even as she longs for something more. She is basically courageous in life, choosing reality over thought, and she faces death stoically. In practically every case there has already been in her life some tragic event-the loss of a lover, violence-which has given her the strength to face life this way (Lynn 102).

For Whom the Bell Tolls "is a living example of how, in modern times, the epic quality must be projected" (Baker 132). Heroic action is an epic quality, and For Whom the Bell Tolls contains this element. The setting is simple and the emphasis is on the basic virtues of uncomplicated people. The men are engaged in the conflict are prepared to sacrifice their lives; they are exceptional for their deeds of daring and heroism (Baker 94).

Behind the conception of this idea of the hero lies the disillusionment of the American public, the disillusionment that was brought about by the First World War. The impressionable man came to realize that the old ideas and beliefs rooted in religion and ethics had not helped to save man the catastrophe of World War I. As a result, after the war came to an end, Hemingway and other writers began to look for a new system of values, a system of values that would replace the old attitudes which they thought proved to be useless. The writers who adopted these new beliefs came to be known as the "lost generation."

The "lost generation," was a name instituted by Gertrude Stein and it signified the postwar generation and the literary movement produced by the young writers of the time (Unger 654). Their writing reflected their belief that "the only reality was that life is harsh" (Bryfonski 1874).

A great deal has been written about Ernest Hemingway's distinctive style. Ever since he began writing in the 1920's, he has been the subject of lavish praise and sometimes savage criticism. He has not been ignored.

To explain Hemingway's style in a few paragraphs in such a manner as to satisfy those who have read his articles and books is almost impossible. It is a simple style, straight forward and modest. Hemingway's prose is unadorned as a result of his abstaining from using adjectives as much as possible. He relates a story in the form of straight journalism, but because he is a master of transmitting emotion with out embellishing it, the product is even more enjoyable.

The Writing Style of Hemingway

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